{"id":15889,"date":"2022-09-28T21:11:45","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T20:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maltahumanist.org\/?page_id=15889"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:43:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T13:43:36","slug":"living-wills","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/humanistsmalta.org\/mt\/living-wills\/","title":{"rendered":"Living Wills"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Header&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.18.0&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(224,43,32,0.64)&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/maltahumanist.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/business-962355_1920.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;bottom_center&#8221; background_blend=&#8221;overlay&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;4vw||0||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; background_color_gradient_start__hover=&#8221;#2b87da&#8221; background_color_gradient_start__hover_enabled=&#8221;#2b87da&#8221; background_color_gradient_end__hover=&#8221;#29c4a9&#8243; 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title_text=&#8221;Screen Shot 2022-09-29 at 10.30.08&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Kt5RTSx7A9mHIXN9WJAm973NCtEIhDgh\/view?usp=sharing&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.18.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;69%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;236px|||||&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/humanistsmalta.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/infographic.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Advance Directive vs Assisted Euthanasia&#8221; title_text=&#8221;infographic&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Kt5RTSx7A9mHIXN9WJAm973NCtEIhDgh\/view?usp=sharing&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;69%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;236px|||||&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; position_origin_r=&#8221;top_right&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;gcid-1e64024b-12fd-46e5-a161-7e6f322f0111&#8243; divider_weight=&#8221;3px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.18.0&#8243; max_width=&#8221;80px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; height=&#8221;3px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-1e64024b-12fd-46e5-a161-7e6f322f0111%22:%91%22color%22%93}&#8221;]&nbsp;<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.18.0&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Noto Serif||||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.4em&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;88px|222px||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|0px||0px||&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Living Wills<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=&#8221;ref&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.6&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; width=&#8221;86.8%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>The Living Will, what is it?<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">An Advance Directive, commonly known as a Living Will, records, in advance, a person\u2019s decisions about their future healthcare, to be respected if they later become unable to communicate their wishes. It reflects the long-established right of a patient to consent to, or deny, medical treatment, and ensures their autonomous voice remains central in decisions affecting their own body and life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>Legislation In Malta<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">New legislation will enable legally-binding Living Wills to be made in Malta. It reflects much, but not all, of the thinking in our <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Kt5RTSx7A9mHIXN9WJAm973NCtEIhDgh\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Discussion Paper<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">, which we published in 2022, on the introduction of the legally-enforceable Living Wills.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">The core purpose is to express decisions made calmly by a fully-informed person, in advance of any medical crisis. It:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">ensures a patient\u2019s wishes can\u2019t be overridden when they are unable to speak for themselves; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">provides clarity for families facing difficult and emotionally-fraught decisions; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">gives healthcare professionals legal protection when acting in accordance with a patient\u2019s stated wishes, and guidance when faced with complex medical decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">People\u2019s views on such matters can vary greatly. Some may wish for every possible medical intervention to prolong life, regardless of the prospects of recovery. Some may want doctors to make all treatment decisions on their behalf. And some may prefer to refuse certain treatments, based on their own values and understanding of dignity and quality of life. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>The Advance Medical Directives Act<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">The Act was passed on 24 April 2026. It provides a framework for mentally competent adults aged 18 and over to state, in advance, their legally-binding wishes about medical treatment. The Act will not enter into force until a ministerial order (or orders) is made after administrative and regulatory structures are established. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Under the Act:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">directives will apply only when the individual is unable to communicate their wishes at the time;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">individuals can refuse extraordinary medical interventions, such as CPR, artificial ventilation, artificial hydration, or artificial feeding, if there is no reasonable prospect of recovery;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">individuals can\u2019t refuse basic medical or palliative care designed to ease pain and suffering;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">individuals can\u2019t request assisted dying; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">to be legally binding, a Living Will must be written after medical advice, and formalised by a notary;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">a Living Will can be amended or revoked at any time; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">a Living Will is entered into the individual\u2019s medical records to ensure the healthcare team is aware of it.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>Health Care Proxy<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">It\u2019s disappointing to Humanists Malta that the Act doesn\u2019t provide for a health care proxy, enabling an appointed person to make health care decisions on an individual\u2019s behalf in unforeseen circumstances when they are no longer capable of doing so. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>Living Wills Made Before The Act Will Not Enter Into Force Automatically<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">They will not be legally binding unless they are re-stated in accordance with the Act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>Living Wills and Voluntary Assisted Euthanasia Are Distinct And Unrelated<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Although the Government first addressed the concept of Living Wills in its consultation document last year on Voluntary Assisted Euthanasia, it\u2019s important to emphasise that the two issues are distinct. A Living Will isn\u2019t about euthanasia, nor solely for those approaching the end of life. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Kt5RTSx7A9mHIXN9WJAm973NCtEIhDgh\/view?usp=sharing\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">See <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #ee0000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">infographic<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><i>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>Is There A Required Format?<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Whilst the Act doesn\u2019t prescribe the format of a Living Will, it provides a model which could be helpful. Below, you will find an outline of that model form:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\"><u>A Possible Living Will <\/u><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">(see the Schedule to the Act <a href=\"https:\/\/parlament.mt\/media\/138438\/act-xii-advance-medical-directives.pdf\">https:\/\/parlament.mt\/media\/138438\/act-xii-advance-medical-directives.pdf<\/a> )<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">I &#8211; Full identifying details of the individual, and declaration that they\u2019re making the Advance Medical Directive freely, voluntarily, and after receipt of adequate medical information.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">II \u2013 Declarations that they:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">have discussed their directive with a medical practitioner; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">have been clearly informed of the nature and consequences of their refusals; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">understand that the directive applies only if, at the material time, they lack capacity to give or refuse consent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">III \u2013 Confirmation that their directive shall apply only in certain situations, choosing between any or all of: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">terminal illness with no reasonable prospect of recovery; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">permanent unconsciousness, persistent vegetative state, or minimally conscious state with no reasonable prospect of recovery; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">advanced, irreversible condition resulting in total dependency and severe suffering with no prospect of meaningful improvement. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">IV \u2013 In the circumstances in Part III, they refuse any specified, or all, of the following: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Mechanical ventilation; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Artificial nutrition; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Artificial hydration; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Renal replacement therapy (dialysis); <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Antibiotic treatment primarily aimed at prolonging life; <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">Any other specified treatment. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">And confirm they understand that refusal of the specified treatments may result in their death. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">V \u2013 Notwithstanding any refusal of medical treatment expressed in the directive, they instruct that appropriate palliative and comfort care shall always be provided, in accordance with established medical standards. Treatment for alleviation of pain, suffering, breathlessness, anxiety or any other discomfort shall be provided, even if it may incidentally shorten their life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">VI \u2013 Confirmation they understand that:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">they may revoke or amend the directive at any time while they have capacity;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">any oral revocation in the presence of a medical practitioner and at least one witness shall be valid;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">any subsequent conduct clearly inconsistent with their directive may affect its validity or applicability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">VII \u2013 Identifying details of the relevant medical practitioner, with certification that they:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">have discussed advanced medical planning with the individual; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">are of the opinion that the individual demonstrated capacity at the time of signing the directive and demonstrated understanding of the nature and consequences of their refusals. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">VIII \u2013 Declaration before a notary<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, serif;\">IX \u2013 Identifying details of, and authentication by, the relevant notary<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bevmalta.org\/2022\/10\/05\/living-will-a-patients-right-to-self-determination\/\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Contact&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.1&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#ffffff 50%|#CB4A44 50%&#8221; 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An Advance Directive, commonly known as a Living Will, records, in advance, a person\u2019s decisions about their future healthcare, to be respected if they later become unable to communicate their wishes. It reflects the long-established right of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15889","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Living Wills<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Living Wills in Malta are covered by the Advance Medical Directives Act since April 2026. 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